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Erika and I witnessed some interesting Red-throated Loon behavior on 18 January 2022 at the Billy Frank Jr National Wildlife Refuge. The photo of the loon on its haunches appears to be an aggressive behavior called Penguin Posture. Most loons show similar behavior. I suspect, however, that this loon is drying and fluffing after feather maintenance. The loon then rubbed its head across its back, a preening behavior. Loons often spread oil from their uropygial gland across their back feathers (Rizzolo et al. 2020).
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